Deep Creek Bull Trout Population - Revision history

ATaylor at 18:23, 21 October 2025

2025-10-21T18:23:53Z

ATaylor: /* Other Distribution Data (eDNA, etc.) */

2025-07-18T20:00:46Z

Other Distribution Data (eDNA, etc.)

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:00, 18 July 2025
Line 31:		Line 31:

	==== Other Distribution Data (eDNA, etc.) ====		==== Other Distribution Data (eDNA, etc.) ====
	~~<u>ANYONE KNOW OF ANY SURVEYS DONE ABOVE THE FALLS? ANY CHANCE OF RESIDENT POPULATION?</u>~~

	=== Population Status and Trend ===		=== Population Status and Trend ===
Line 47:		Line 46:
	Undoubtedly the most significant habitat issue in Deep Creek is the dewatering mentioned in the paragraph introducing this population. Between the FS 1800 bridge (RM 0.9) and the Copper Creek confluence (RM 2.6), it is not uncommon, even in years that are just moderately dry, for a portion of Deep Creek to experience severely diminished flows and/or complete dewatering during the late summer. The dewatering is typically first observed about a half-mile above the bridge and can extend ''almost a mile'', often continuous. This is a low-energy reach with a broad floodplain to the east. The west side of the valley is controlled by a steep talus slope preventing the lateral movement of the stream and contributing loose substrate. Subsurface flow appears to move laterally to the east; potentially contributing to an extensive ''groundwater'' ''spring complex'' that flows through thick forest. This complex is heavily utilized by spawning bull trout ''and provides several cfs of flow to the mainstem river at its downstream end.'' ''The confluence is about 0.3 miles upstream of the 1800 bridge. The spring complex is made of up of several channels and consists of about 1.6 miles of accessible spawning habitat. Adjacent to the spring complex, the mainstem can have little to zero flow during the spawning season. The upstream end of the spring complex does not connect back to the mainstem. It is likely that fish are forced to spawn in the springs when the mainstem becomes too low for fish passage during drought years. In addition to the dewatering below the Copper Creek confluence, there is another stretch of Deep Creek that dewaters above the Copper Creek confluence. It is typical to walk 1+ miles of dry stream bed with isolated pools and patches of water during fall redd surveys.''		Undoubtedly the most significant habitat issue in Deep Creek is the dewatering mentioned in the paragraph introducing this population. Between the FS 1800 bridge (RM 0.9) and the Copper Creek confluence (RM 2.6), it is not uncommon, even in years that are just moderately dry, for a portion of Deep Creek to experience severely diminished flows and/or complete dewatering during the late summer. The dewatering is typically first observed about a half-mile above the bridge and can extend ''almost a mile'', often continuous. This is a low-energy reach with a broad floodplain to the east. The west side of the valley is controlled by a steep talus slope preventing the lateral movement of the stream and contributing loose substrate. Subsurface flow appears to move laterally to the east; potentially contributing to an extensive ''groundwater'' ''spring complex'' that flows through thick forest. This complex is heavily utilized by spawning bull trout ''and provides several cfs of flow to the mainstem river at its downstream end.'' ''The confluence is about 0.3 miles upstream of the 1800 bridge. The spring complex is made of up of several channels and consists of about 1.6 miles of accessible spawning habitat. Adjacent to the spring complex, the mainstem can have little to zero flow during the spawning season. The upstream end of the spring complex does not connect back to the mainstem. It is likely that fish are forced to spawn in the springs when the mainstem becomes too low for fish passage during drought years. In addition to the dewatering below the Copper Creek confluence, there is another stretch of Deep Creek that dewaters above the Copper Creek confluence. It is typical to walk 1+ miles of dry stream bed with isolated pools and patches of water during fall redd surveys.''

	FMO habitat for the Deep Creek bull trout population is in Bumping Reservoir. Neither the sparse shoreline development or water sports activities on the lake are believed to influence habitat quality. Bumping Reservoir is the smallest storage reservoir in the Yakima Basin and does experience extreme drawdown in the summer (avg. 80%). A 14,000 acre-foot ~~conservation~~ pool (i.e., dead storage), however, cannot be accessed. As a result, Bumping Reservoir, which has the highest refill ratio in the basin, recovers quickly when irrigation releases cease. The effects of reservoir depletion on FMO habitat quality and quantity are unknown but not believed to be significant.		FMO habitat for the Deep Creek bull trout population is in Bumping Reservoir. Neither the sparse shoreline development or water sports activities on the lake are believed to influence habitat quality. Bumping Reservoir is the smallest storage reservoir in the Yakima Basin and does experience extreme drawdown in the summer (avg. 80%). A 14,000 acre-foot pool (i.e., dead storage), however, cannot be accessed. As a result, Bumping Reservoir, which has the highest refill ratio in the basin, recovers quickly when irrigation releases cease. The effects of reservoir depletion on FMO habitat quality and quantity are unknown but not believed to be significant.

	=== Habitat Monitoring ===		=== Habitat Monitoring ===
Line 121:		Line 120:
	''Threat Severity'': Unknown, likely significant		''Threat Severity'': Unknown, likely significant

	''Brook Trout have been observed in Deep Creek and Bumping Reservoir since the earliest population and habitat surveys.'' ''Recent demographic surveys have shown the density of brook trout is similar to the density of bull trout (Kline 2025). A large dead fish was reported by a Bumping Reservoir local near the mouth of deep creek. Subsequent analysis showed it to be a bull x brook hybrid (~~Suzy Cyr~~, personal comm.) There has been a lack of genetic tissue collection since the initial study done in 2003, however the BTTF intends to start collecting genetic tissue during fish rescue in the future. The rate of introgression is unknown, but habitat is shared and there is obvious competition for resources.''		''Brook Trout have been observed in Deep Creek and Bumping Reservoir since the earliest population and habitat surveys.'' ''Recent demographic surveys have shown the density of brook trout is similar to the density of bull trout (Kline 2025). A large dead fish was reported by a Bumping Reservoir local near the mouth of deep creek. Subsequent analysis showed it to be a bull x brook hybrid (Marc Divens, personal comm.) There has been a lack of genetic tissue collection since the initial study done in 2003, however the BTTF intends to start collecting genetic tissue during fish rescue in the future. The rate of introgression is unknown, but habitat is shared and there is obvious competition for resources.''

	==== Other Invasive Species ====		==== Other Invasive Species ====
Line 178:		Line 177:

	=== Population-level Recovery Strategy ===		=== Population-level Recovery Strategy ===
	This population has been identified as a “Protection” population with a priority for continuation of population monitoring but with limited restoration actions recommended. The highest priority action is passage at Bumping Dam. ''With the threat of dewatering becoming more critical than ever, monitoring the timing and extent of dewatering is important. Fish rescues should be prioritized until a potential restoration action or high flow event mitigates dewatering effects.'' Bumping Reservoir is a popular fishing location; a priority recommended action is outreach to educate anglers and recreationists, ''and better understand the extent of illegal harvest of bull trout''. Brook trout introgression has been documented in this population and should be monitored with future genetic sampling, but no specific brook trout removal actions are recommended at this time. There is currently a proposal to expand the capacity of Bumping Reservoir by 170 acre-feet, which would inundate the lower portion of Deep Creek. It will be critical to ensure that the proposed reservoir expansion does not compromise the viability of the Deep Creek population.		This population has been identified as a “Protection” population with a priority for continuation of population monitoring but with limited restoration actions recommended. The highest priority action is passage at Bumping Dam. ''With the threat of dewatering becoming more critical than ever, monitoring the timing and extent of dewatering is important. Fish rescues should be prioritized until a potential restoration action or high flow event mitigates dewatering effects.'' Bumping Reservoir is a popular fishing location; a priority recommended action is outreach to educate anglers and recreationists, ''and better understand the extent of illegal harvest of bull trout''. Brook trout introgression has been documented in this population and should be monitored with future genetic sampling, but no specific brook trout removal actions are recommended at this time. There is currently a proposal to expand the capacity of Bumping Reservoir by 170,000 acre-feet, which would inundate the lower portion of Deep Creek. It will be critical to ensure that the proposed reservoir expansion does not compromise the viability of the Deep Creek population.

	=== Monitoring Needs/Key Questions ===		=== Monitoring Needs/Key Questions ===

ATaylor: /* Population Monitoring */

2025-07-18T19:57:40Z

Population Monitoring

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:57, 18 July 2025
Line 21:		Line 21:
	The first Deep Creek genetic samples were collected from juvenile bull trout in 1997 with the subsequent analysis reported by Reiss (2003). James (2002a) trapped and tagged adult bull trout in Deep Creek from 1997 through 2000 while studying the population status and life history characteristics of the population. In 2000, snorkel surveys were conducted in the creek to determine the migration timing of pre-spawn adults. WDFW snorkeled and electroshocked Deep Creek in 2003 as part of a project to develop a bull trout presence/absence sampling protocol (Hoffman et al. 2005). Larsen et al. (2003) ''continued the development of protocols, using data from streams across Washington''. Peterson et al. (2005) ''also used these data in an attempt to understand if block nets are necessary to keep fish from fleeing the area during snorkel and electrofishing surveys.''		The first Deep Creek genetic samples were collected from juvenile bull trout in 1997 with the subsequent analysis reported by Reiss (2003). James (2002a) trapped and tagged adult bull trout in Deep Creek from 1997 through 2000 while studying the population status and life history characteristics of the population. In 2000, snorkel surveys were conducted in the creek to determine the migration timing of pre-spawn adults. WDFW snorkeled and electroshocked Deep Creek in 2003 as part of a project to develop a bull trout presence/absence sampling protocol (Hoffman et al. 2005). Larsen et al. (2003) ''continued the development of protocols, using data from streams across Washington''. Peterson et al. (2005) ''also used these data in an attempt to understand if block nets are necessary to keep fish from fleeing the area during snorkel and electrofishing surveys.''

	Seventeen post-spawn bull trout were captured in 2005 and implanted with radio tags to track their movements after they returned to Bumping Reservoir (Mizell and Anderson 2008). Included in these were five implanted with archival tags to monitor preferred water temperatures and depths, but only two of these tags were recovered. All 17 of the tagged bull trout remained in Bumping Reservoir, which was of interest because, as is the case for the other storage dams in the Yakima Basin, the outlet works of Bumping Dam are unscreened. It is possible for Deep Creek bull trout to become displaced downstream if entrained through Bumping Dam. About a half-mile of the Bumping River below the dam was snorkeled in 2001 and six bull trout, all greater than 12 inches in total length, were observed (Kalin and Ackerman 2002). However, none of these fish were confirmed to have originated in Bumping Reservoir. ''Fluvial bull trout from the Naches River populations will use the Bumping River as FMO habitat (Mizell and Anderson 2008).''		Seventeen post-spawn bull trout were captured in 2005 and implanted with radio tags to track their movements after they returned to Bumping Reservoir (Mizell and Anderson 2008). Included in these were five implanted with archival tags to monitor preferred water temperatures and depths, but only two of these tags were recovered. All 17 of the tagged bull trout remained in Bumping Reservoir, which was of interest because, as is the case for the other storage dams in the Yakima Basin, the outlet works of Bumping Dam are unscreened. ''There have also been very few Deep Creek origin bull trout caught in the Bumping stilling basin during trap and haul efforts.'' ''There are competing theories as to why bull trout are entrained through the dam less often at Bumping Reservoir than the other areas. Ideas include: the lake bathymetry reduces bull trout usage of the forebay, the population has always been adfluvial, and finally, due to the fast refill rate bull trout may not volitionally entrain to avoid poor water quality during drawdown. It remains a question unanswered''. It is possible for Deep Creek bull trout to become displaced downstream if entrained through Bumping Dam. About a half-mile of the Bumping River below the dam was snorkeled in 2001 and six bull trout, all greater than 12 inches in total length, were observed (Kalin and Ackerman 2002). However, none of these fish were confirmed to have originated in Bumping Reservoir. ''Fluvial bull trout from the Naches River populations will use the Bumping River as FMO habitat (Mizell and Anderson 2008).''

	The upper Bumping River has also received monitoring attention. Beginning in 1999, sporadic snorkel surveys have been conducted in the stream. No bull trout were observed by Craig (Craig 1999). Subsequent snorkel surveys (2002, 2003, 2010, ''and 2014'') documented the presence of bull trout juveniles although not in large numbers (Reiss 2011, WDFW 2015). Exploratory spawning surveys, also sporadic, have resulted in one bull trout redd observed in 1994 and two in 2009 (Reiss 2011). In six other years none were found and none of the fish tracked by Mizell and Anderson (2008) entered the upper Bumping River.		The upper Bumping River has also received monitoring attention. Beginning in 1999, sporadic snorkel surveys have been conducted in the stream. No bull trout were observed by Craig (Craig 1999). Subsequent snorkel surveys (2002, 2003, 2010, ''and 2014'') documented the presence of bull trout juveniles although not in large numbers (Reiss 2011, WDFW 2015). Exploratory spawning surveys, also sporadic, have resulted in one bull trout redd observed in 1994 and two in 2009 (Reiss 2011). In six other years none were found and none of the fish tracked by Mizell and Anderson (2008) entered the upper Bumping River.

ATaylor at 19:52, 18 July 2025

2025-07-18T19:52:16Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:52, 18 July 2025
Line 7:		Line 7:
	Deep Creek supports a single local population of bull trout, which displays an adfluvial life history type. The spawning and rearing area for the population extends from the mouth to the waterfall with some limited spawning also taking place in the lower portion (~0.25 mile) of Copper Creek. (A bedrock cascade directly above this point is believed to be impassable.) Bumping Reservoir and the upper Bumping River, ''the larger of two main tributaries to Bumping Reservoir'', provide FMO habitat for subadult and adult fish (<u>BUMPING/DEEP CREEK MAP - Figure 1</u>). Adult bull trout generally enter Deep Creek in late July to mid-August.		Deep Creek supports a single local population of bull trout, which displays an adfluvial life history type. The spawning and rearing area for the population extends from the mouth to the waterfall with some limited spawning also taking place in the lower portion (~0.25 mile) of Copper Creek. (A bedrock cascade directly above this point is believed to be impassable.) Bumping Reservoir and the upper Bumping River, ''the larger of two main tributaries to Bumping Reservoir'', provide FMO habitat for subadult and adult fish (<u>BUMPING/DEEP CREEK MAP - Figure 1</u>). Adult bull trout generally enter Deep Creek in late July to mid-August.

	As mentioned above, Deep Creek adults occasionally stray into the upper Bumping River to spawn. A few bull trout redds have been observed in the upper Bumping over the years and juveniles have been observed during snorkel surveys. Genetic samples ~~analyzed~~ from ~~30+ juveniles~~ collected in ~~2002~~ and ~~2010~~ revealed that ~~these~~ fish were not genetically distinct from Deep Creek bull trout (Small et al. 2009~~, Small and Martinez 2011~~). These data support the hypothesis that adults spawning in the upper Bumping River are strays from Deep Creek and indicate that the stream does not support a separate, genetically distinct population.		As mentioned above, Deep Creek adults occasionally stray into the upper Bumping River to spawn. A few bull trout redds have been observed in the upper Bumping over the years and juveniles have been observed during snorkel surveys. Genetic samples from 23 Deep Creek adults and 8 Bumping River adults collected in 2001 and 2003 revealed that fish sampled from the Bumping River were not genetically distinct from Deep Creek bull trout (Small et al. 2009). These data support the hypothesis that adults spawning in the upper Bumping River are strays from Deep Creek and indicate that the stream does not support a separate, genetically distinct population.

	==== Natural Barriers limiting distribution ====		==== Natural Barriers limiting distribution ====

ATaylor: /* Relevant Multiple Population Actions */

2025-06-12T17:38:38Z

Relevant Multiple Population Actions

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:38, 12 June 2025
Line 207:		Line 207:
	* Deep Creek #3: Monitor and Evaluate upstream dewatering in Deep Creek		* Deep Creek #3: Monitor and Evaluate upstream dewatering in Deep Creek
	* Deep Creek #4: Habitat Actions in Deep Creek and other Tributaries		* Deep Creek #4: Habitat Actions in Deep Creek and other Tributaries
	~~''More actions~~ to ~~be added after workshop on 5/27/25''~~		* Deep Creek #5: Use of Deep Creek Bull Trout as Donor Stock for Reintroduction
			* Deep Creek #6: PIT Tag study
			* Deep Creek #7: Evaluate Impacts to Bull Trout From Proposed Bumping Reservoir Expansion
			* Deep Creek #8: Assess Potential Disease in Deep Creek Bull Trout
			* Deep Creek #9: Improve Flow and Temperature Monitoring

	=== Actions in the Yakima Steelhead Recovery Plan that benefit this population ===		=== Actions in the Yakima Steelhead Recovery Plan that benefit this population ===

ATaylor: /* Completed Bull Trout Recovery Actions */

2025-05-29T22:10:50Z

Completed Bull Trout Recovery Actions

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:10, 29 May 2025
Line 188:		Line 188:
	=== Completed Bull Trout Recovery Actions ===		=== Completed Bull Trout Recovery Actions ===

	* Culverts (partial passage barriers) on forest roads 1800 and 1808 were replaced with bridges in 2011.		* Culverts (partial passage barriers) on forest roads 1800 and 1808 were replaced with bridges in 2011.
	* Fishing regulations have been implemented to protect bull trout in Deep Creek (see Appendix F).		* Fishing regulations have been implemented to protect bull trout in Deep Creek (see Appendix F in 2012 Bull Trout Action Plan).

	=== Recommended Actions ===		=== Recommended Actions ===

ATaylor: /* Population-level Recovery Strategy */

2025-05-29T22:09:12Z

Population-level Recovery Strategy

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:09, 29 May 2025
Line 178:		Line 178:

	=== Population-level Recovery Strategy ===		=== Population-level Recovery Strategy ===
	This population has been identified as a “Protection” population with a priority for continuation of population monitoring but with limited restoration actions recommended. The highest priority action is ~~Passage~~ at Bumping Dam. Bumping Reservoir is a popular fishing location; a priority recommended action is outreach to educate anglers and recreationists. Brook trout introgression has been documented in this population and should be monitored with future genetic sampling, but no specific brook trout removal actions are recommended at this time. Implementing carcass analog placement to address lack of marine derived nutrients will likely only happen after a successful pilot study is implemented elsewhere in the basin and is deemed necessary. <u>Bumping Reservoir contains a healthy population of reproducing kokanee salmon providing an abundant food source for Deep Creek bull trout.?? IS THIS ACCURATE? I have never observed spawning kokanee here.</u> There is currently a proposal to expand the capacity of Bumping Reservoir by 170 acre-feet, which would inundate the lower portion of Deep Creek. It will be critical to ensure that the proposed reservoir expansion does not compromise the viability of the Deep Creek population.		This population has been identified as a “Protection” population with a priority for continuation of population monitoring but with limited restoration actions recommended. The highest priority action is passage at Bumping Dam. ''With the threat of dewatering becoming more critical than ever, monitoring the timing and extent of dewatering is important. Fish rescues should be prioritized until a potential restoration action or high flow event mitigates dewatering effects.'' Bumping Reservoir is a popular fishing location; a priority recommended action is outreach to educate anglers and recreationists, ''and better understand the extent of illegal harvest of bull trout''. Brook trout introgression has been documented in this population and should be monitored with future genetic sampling, but no specific brook trout removal actions are recommended at this time. There is currently a proposal to expand the capacity of Bumping Reservoir by 170 acre-feet, which would inundate the lower portion of Deep Creek. It will be critical to ensure that the proposed reservoir expansion does not compromise the viability of the Deep Creek population.

	=== Monitoring Needs/Key Questions ===		=== Monitoring Needs/Key Questions ===
Line 195:		Line 195:
	==== Relevant Multiple Population Actions ====		==== Relevant Multiple Population Actions ====

	* Multiple Populations #1: Outreach on bull trout conservation issues (landowners, recreationists, anglers, school groups, and others).		* Multiple Populations #1: Outreach on bull trout conservation issues (landowners, recreationists, anglers, school groups, and others).
	* Multiple Populations #5: Carcass analog placement if pilot studies demonstrate success.		* Multiple Populations #2: Continue redd surveys within the established index areas to monitor long-term abundance trends.
	* Multiple Populations #9: Periodic entrainment studies at storage dams.		* Multiple Populations #3: Continue temperature monitoring.
	* Multiple Populations #2: Continue redd surveys within the established index areas to monitor long-term abundance trends.		* Multiple Populations #5: Carcass analog placement if pilot studies demonstrate success.
	* Multiple Populations #3: Continue temperature monitoring.		* Multiple Populations #7: Continue to screen all collected genetic samples for evidence of genetic introgression with brook trout.
	* Multiple Populations #7: Continue to screen all collected genetic samples for evidence of genetic introgression with brook trout.		* Multiple Populations #9: Periodic entrainment studies at storage dams.

	==== Deep Creek Actions ====		==== Deep Creek Actions ====
	~~''Noted in 2012 BTAP but not in action plan ?:'' Ensure impacts to bull trout from the proposed reservoir enlargement are minimized.~~

	* Deep Creek #1: Provide connectivity at Bumping Dam		* Deep Creek #1: Provide connectivity at Bumping Dam
	* Deep Creek #2: Monitor and address passage across the reservoir bed		* Deep Creek #2: Monitor and address passage across the reservoir bed
	* Deep Creek #3: Evaluate upstream dewatering in Deep Creek		* Deep Creek #3: Monitor and Evaluate upstream dewatering in Deep Creek
	* Deep Creek #4: Habitat Actions in Deep Creek and other Tributaries		* Deep Creek #4: Habitat Actions in Deep Creek and other Tributaries
			''More actions to be added after workshop on 5/27/25''

	=== Actions in the Yakima Steelhead Recovery Plan that benefit this population ===		=== Actions in the Yakima Steelhead Recovery Plan that benefit this population ===
Line 216:		Line 215:
	''2012 BTAP text copied into Yakipedia and edited to match new format in April 2025 by Aimee Taylor. ADD LINK TO 2012 BTAP pdf placemark''		''2012 BTAP text copied into Yakipedia and edited to match new format in April 2025 by Aimee Taylor. ADD LINK TO 2012 BTAP pdf placemark''

	Additional edits proposed by Alex Conley, Aimee Taylor and ~~XXXXXXX~~ small group. ''Reviewed, and updated and approved by BTWG in ~~XXXXXXXXXXXXX~~''		Additional edits proposed by Alex Conley, Aimee Taylor and a small group of volunteers. ''Reviewed, and updated and approved by BTWG in June 2025''

	Specific detail on out of cycle updates:		Specific detail on out of cycle updates:

	== References ==		== References ==

ATaylor: /* Recovery Strategy */

2025-05-29T21:53:03Z

Recovery Strategy

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:53, 29 May 2025
Line 171:		Line 171:

	== Summary of Primary Limiting Factors and Threats ==		== Summary of Primary Limiting Factors and Threats ==
	The highest severity threat to this population is ''the natural dewatering that is occurring in over 2 miles of Deep Creek during average-to-low snowpack years''. ''Juvenile fish are stranded and die, while adult bull trout cannot pass to the upper portion of the river for spawning. The early spawning run (compared to other Yakima Basin populations) means that Deep Creek bull trout are likely done spawning by the time fall freshet rains re-connect the habitat.'' ''The next highest threat to the population is Bumping Dam'', which is a complete barrier to passage and isolates this population from the Naches River fluvial populations. Entrainment through the dam may also reduce population productivity, as individuals are lost from the population. Other threats to this population include angling in Bumping Reservoir, introgression with brook trout, and lack of anadromous prey base and marine derived nutrients. ''Emerging threats that have yet to be investigated include a potential disease'' (see[[#Disease\|Disease]]section above) ''and water quality issues related to widespread filamentous algae''. A potential threat that is not rated here, but could have a very significant impact on this population, is the proposal in the Yakima Basin Integrated Water Resource Plan (Ecology 2012) to expand the storage capacity of Bumping Reservoir. This would elevate the threat of limited habitat by inundating .75 miles of spawning and rearing habitat and also potentially exacerbate the effect of dewatering.		The highest severity threat to this population is ''the natural dewatering that is occurring in over 2 miles of Deep Creek during average-to-low snowpack years''. ''Juvenile fish are stranded and die, while adult bull trout cannot pass to the upper portion of the river for spawning. The early spawning run (compared to other Yakima Basin populations) means that Deep Creek bull trout are likely done spawning by the time fall freshet rains re-connect the habitat.'' ''The next highest threat to the population is Bumping Dam'', which is a complete barrier to passage and isolates this population from the Naches River fluvial populations. Entrainment through the dam may also reduce population productivity, as individuals are lost from the population. Other threats to this population include angling in Bumping Reservoir, introgression with brook trout, and lack of anadromous prey base and marine derived nutrients. ''Emerging threats that have yet to be investigated include a potential disease'' (see [[#Disease\|Disease ]]section above) ''and water quality issues related to widespread filamentous algae''. A potential threat that is not rated here, but could have a very significant impact on this population, is the proposal in the Yakima Basin Integrated Water Resource Plan (Ecology 2012) to expand the storage capacity of Bumping Reservoir. This would elevate the threat of limited habitat by inundating .75 miles of spawning and rearing habitat and also potentially exacerbate the effect of dewatering.

	While forest management issues, the potential for low abundance (large annual fluctuations in abundance), and recreation are all present in the population area, they are not considered significant threats. Agriculture, altered flows, development, grazing, limited extent of habitat, transportation issues, and mining are not present in this population area. ''Stream temperature is relatively cold and stable, making this an important climate refuge for bull trout.''		While forest management issues, the potential for low abundance (large annual fluctuations in abundance), and recreation are all present in the population area, they are not considered significant threats. Agriculture, altered flows, development, grazing, limited extent of habitat, transportation issues, and mining are not present in this population area. ''Stream temperature is relatively cold and stable, making this an important climate refuge for bull trout.''

ATaylor: /* Summary of Primary Limiting Factors and Threats */

2025-05-29T21:52:41Z

Summary of Primary Limiting Factors and Threats

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:52, 29 May 2025
Line 171:		Line 171:

	== Summary of Primary Limiting Factors and Threats ==		== Summary of Primary Limiting Factors and Threats ==
	The highest severity threat to this population is ''the natural dewatering that is occurring in over 2 miles of Deep Creek during average-to-low snowpack years''. ''Juvenile fish are stranded and die, while adult bull trout cannot pass to the upper portion of the river for spawning. The early spawning run (compared to other Yakima Basin populations) means that Deep Creek bull trout are likely done spawning by the time fall freshet rains re-connect the habitat.'' ''The next highest threat to the population is Bumping Dam'', which is a complete barrier to passage and isolates this population from the Naches River fluvial populations. Entrainment through the dam may also reduce population productivity, as individuals are lost from the population. Other threats to this population include angling in Bumping Reservoir, introgression with brook trout, and lack of anadromous prey base and marine derived nutrients. ''Emerging threats that have yet to be investigated include a potential disease ('''see [[#Disease\|Disease]] section above~~'''''~~) ''and water quality issues related to widespread filamentous algae''. A potential threat that is not rated here, but could have a very significant impact on this population, is the proposal in the Yakima Basin Integrated Water Resource Plan (Ecology 2012) to expand the storage capacity of Bumping Reservoir. This would elevate the threat of limited habitat by inundating .75 miles of spawning and rearing habitat and also potentially exacerbate the effect of dewatering.		The highest severity threat to this population is ''the natural dewatering that is occurring in over 2 miles of Deep Creek during average-to-low snowpack years''. ''Juvenile fish are stranded and die, while adult bull trout cannot pass to the upper portion of the river for spawning. The early spawning run (compared to other Yakima Basin populations) means that Deep Creek bull trout are likely done spawning by the time fall freshet rains re-connect the habitat.'' ''The next highest threat to the population is Bumping Dam'', which is a complete barrier to passage and isolates this population from the Naches River fluvial populations. Entrainment through the dam may also reduce population productivity, as individuals are lost from the population. Other threats to this population include angling in Bumping Reservoir, introgression with brook trout, and lack of anadromous prey base and marine derived nutrients. ''Emerging threats that have yet to be investigated include a potential disease'' (see[[#Disease\|Disease]]section above) ''and water quality issues related to widespread filamentous algae''. A potential threat that is not rated here, but could have a very significant impact on this population, is the proposal in the Yakima Basin Integrated Water Resource Plan (Ecology 2012) to expand the storage capacity of Bumping Reservoir. This would elevate the threat of limited habitat by inundating .75 miles of spawning and rearing habitat and also potentially exacerbate the effect of dewatering.

	While forest management issues, the potential for low abundance (large annual fluctuations in abundance), and recreation are all present in the population area, they are not considered significant threats. Agriculture, altered flows, development, grazing, limited extent of habitat, transportation issues, and mining are not present in this population area. ''Stream temperature is relatively cold and stable, making this an important climate refuge for bull trout.''		While forest management issues, the potential for low abundance (large annual fluctuations in abundance), and recreation are all present in the population area, they are not considered significant threats. Agriculture, altered flows, development, grazing, limited extent of habitat, transportation issues, and mining are not present in this population area. ''Stream temperature is relatively cold and stable, making this an important climate refuge for bull trout.''

ATaylor: /* Summary of Primary Limiting Factors and Threats */

2025-05-29T21:51:35Z

Summary of Primary Limiting Factors and Threats

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:51, 29 May 2025
Line 171:		Line 171:

	== Summary of Primary Limiting Factors and Threats ==		== Summary of Primary Limiting Factors and Threats ==
	The highest severity threat to this population is ''the natural dewatering that is occurring in over 2 miles of Deep Creek during average-to-low snowpack years''. ''Juvenile fish are stranded and die, while adult bull trout cannot pass to the upper portion of the river for spawning. The early spawning run (compared to other Yakima Basin populations) means that Deep Creek bull trout are likely done spawning by the time fall freshet rains re-connect the habitat.'' ''The next highest threat to the population is Bumping Dam'', which is a complete barrier to passage and isolates this population from the Naches River fluvial populations. Entrainment through the dam may also reduce population productivity, as individuals are lost from the population. Other threats to this population include angling in Bumping Reservoir, introgression with brook trout, and lack of anadromous prey base and marine derived nutrients. ''Emerging threats that have yet to be investigated include a potential disease ('''see ~~Threats:~~Disease section above''''') ''and water quality issues related to widespread filamentous algae''. A potential threat that is not rated here, but could have a very significant impact on this population, is the proposal in the Yakima Basin Integrated Water Resource Plan (Ecology 2012) to expand the storage capacity of Bumping Reservoir. This would elevate the threat of limited habitat by inundating .75 miles of spawning and rearing habitat and also potentially exacerbate the effect of dewatering.		The highest severity threat to this population is ''the natural dewatering that is occurring in over 2 miles of Deep Creek during average-to-low snowpack years''. ''Juvenile fish are stranded and die, while adult bull trout cannot pass to the upper portion of the river for spawning. The early spawning run (compared to other Yakima Basin populations) means that Deep Creek bull trout are likely done spawning by the time fall freshet rains re-connect the habitat.'' ''The next highest threat to the population is Bumping Dam'', which is a complete barrier to passage and isolates this population from the Naches River fluvial populations. Entrainment through the dam may also reduce population productivity, as individuals are lost from the population. Other threats to this population include angling in Bumping Reservoir, introgression with brook trout, and lack of anadromous prey base and marine derived nutrients. ''Emerging threats that have yet to be investigated include a potential disease ('''see [[#Disease\|Disease]] section above''''') ''and water quality issues related to widespread filamentous algae''. A potential threat that is not rated here, but could have a very significant impact on this population, is the proposal in the Yakima Basin Integrated Water Resource Plan (Ecology 2012) to expand the storage capacity of Bumping Reservoir. This would elevate the threat of limited habitat by inundating .75 miles of spawning and rearing habitat and also potentially exacerbate the effect of dewatering.

	While forest management issues, the potential for low abundance (large annual fluctuations in abundance), and recreation are all present in the population area, they are not considered significant threats. Agriculture, altered flows, development, grazing, limited extent of habitat, transportation issues, and mining are not present in this population area. ''Stream temperature is relatively cold and stable, making this an important climate refuge for bull trout.''		While forest management issues, the potential for low abundance (large annual fluctuations in abundance), and recreation are all present in the population area, they are not considered significant threats. Agriculture, altered flows, development, grazing, limited extent of habitat, transportation issues, and mining are not present in this population area. ''Stream temperature is relatively cold and stable, making this an important climate refuge for bull trout.''