Glossary

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In progress!--CM 12/6/2024

See PDF pg 222 of YBTAP for extra acronyms ALSO an actual glossary of fish terminology--continue from pg 225

Bridget Wood: Juvenile Salmonid and Small Fish Identification Aid adfg.alaska.gov/static/home/library/pdfs/habitat/adfg_hr_id_cards_v1.1.pdf

Technical Terms

Adfluvial: A life history strategy of fish in which spawning by adults and rearing of juveniles occurs in streams, but subadults and adults live in lakes or reservoirs. Contrast with Anadromous.

Anadromous: Life history strategy of fish in which a species is born and rears in freshwater, migrates to and matures in salt water, and returns to freshwater to spawn. Contrast with Adfluvial.

  • Anadromy: The expression of the anadromous migratory life cycle.

APE: Area of Potential Effects

cfs: Cubic feet per second, a common unit for quantifying streamflow

CD: Conservation District, county-level natural resource conservation organizations

Connectivity: Refers to the ability of a species to move unimpeded between adjoining, accessible habitats of different types and sufficient quantity and quality to support various life stages of a species; especially critical to migratory species.

Core Area: The USFWS uses this term to define the basic unit on which to gauge recovery. For bull trout, a core area represents the closest approximation of a biologically functioning unit (metapopulations).

DPS: Distinct population segment. A division of habitat area. A DPS is larger than an MPG (Major Population Group), which is larger than a Population. The Yakima Basin MPG is within the Middle Columbia DPS (see map).

EIS: Environmental Impact Statement

ELJ: Engineered Log Jam

Endangered: Species that are at risk of extinction throughout a significant portion of their range

Entrainment: a fish getting sucked through or over a dam/barrier such that it can't get back over

Extirpation: Elimination of a species from a particular local area.

ESU: Evolutionarily Significant Unit

FMO: Feeding, migrating, overwintering

FS: Forest Service (also, Forest Service road)

ID: Irrigation District

Kelt: a salmonid that is weak and emaciated after spawning, but does not die after spawning (e.g., anadromous trout and Atlantic salmon). These fish instead recover and migrate back to the ocean.

LWD: Large Woody Debris

Mitigation: efforts to prevent, reduce, or compensate for adverse effects of various activities to aquatic habitats and species (e.g., transportation projects)

MPG: Major Population Group

OHWM: Ordinary High-Water Mark

Phenotype: Any observable characteristic of an organism, such as its external appearance, development, biochemical or physiological properties, or behavior (as contrasted with Genotype)

PIT tag: Passive Integrated Transponder tag (a tracking device implanted in fish to study their movements)

Productivity: The average number of surviving offspring per parent. Used as an indicator of a population’s ability to sustain itself or its ability to rebound from low numbers.

Radio telemetry: Transmission of data from tags attached to an animal and transmit radio signals. The signals are read at either fixed receiving stations or by mobile tracking devices. Radio tags for fish are usually inserted into the stomach or surgically into the body cavity.

Recovery Unit (bull trout):
A USFWS term for one of the nested units delineated for recovery efforts. Biologically, recovery units are considered groupings of bull trout for which gene flow was historically or is currently possible. The Yakima Core Area is one of many core areas within the Middle Columbia recovery unit, and there are multiple recovery units within the Distinct Population Segment (DPS).

Redd: A cavity or “nest” dug by female bull trout and other salmonids in streambed gravels where females deposit and bury eggs fertilized by one or more males. Redds can be distinguished in the streambed gravel by a cleared depression and an associated mound of gravel directly downstream

Resident: Life history strategy in which the entire life cycle occurs in a water body, such as that of resident Ahtanum Creek bull trout, which occur in small headwater streams.

Salmonid: Fish of the family Salmonidae, including bull trout (and other trout species) salmon, chars, grayling, and whitefish. In general usage, the term most often refers to salmon, trout, and chars (subfamily Salmonidae).

Salvelinus confluentus: Bull Trout.

Stochastic: Describes a natural event or process that is random or unpredictable. Examples include environmental conditions such as rainfall, runoff, and storms, or life-cycle events, such as survival or fecundity rates. species: Animals that are behaviorally, genetically, or reproductively isolated from similar groups of animals.

Subpopulation: Groups of local populations between which migration is presumed to occur.

Supplementation: The release and management of artificially propagated fish in streams with the intent to increase or establish naturally spawning fish populations while minimizing associated genetic and ecological risks.

RFEG: Regional Fisheries Enhancement Group

Riprap: rocky material placed along shorelines, bridge foundations, steep slopes, and other shoreline structures to protect from scour and erosion

RM: River Mile

RME: Research, monitoring, and evaluation

Rock barb: (stream barbs?) a low rock sill structure angled upstream to decrease flow stresses on a bank. They are designed to redirect streamflow away from the near bank region.

Rootwads: A root wad is a bank stabilization and aquatic habitat improvement strategy that involves burying a dead tree into the streambank with the root system still attached. Benefits of installing root wads include bank stability, fish habitat and insect habitat

SAR: Smolt-to-Adult Ratio.

Sympatric: Occurring in the same geographic area but without interbreeding as with closely related but distinct species.

Thalweg: the center of the mainstem of a river/the main flow path of a river

Threatened: Any species that is likely to become endangered within the foreseeable future throughout all or a significant portion of its range—as defined in the Endangered Species Act.

TMDL: Total Maximum Daily Load.

USGS: US Geological Survey

VSP: Voluntary Stewardship Program. Also: Viable Salmonid Population (not in current wide usage).

Wasting/mass wasting??

Watershed: Term applied to catchment area of a sloping landscape that collects precipitation and drains the resulting surface and groundwater.

WRIA: Water Resource Inventory Area (fancy term for a sub-watershed; we have WA WRIA’s 37, 38, and 39)

Technical Resources

FPDSI: Fish Passage & Diversion Screening Inventory (tells you where fish passage barriers are; not comprehensive)

SWIFD: State-Wide Integrated Fish Distribution database (tells you which fish live where)

DART: Data Access & Retrieval Tool (UW’s database that includes tons of data on fish in the Columbia Basin)

Organizations

BIA: Bureau of Indian Affairs

BLM: Bureau of Land Management

BPA: Bonneville Power Administration (federal hydropower marketing administration within the Dept of Energy; a source of grant funds)

CBFWA: Columbia River (Basin?) Fish and Wildlife Authority

CRITFC: Columbia River Inter-Tribal Fish Commission

DOE: Department of Ecology

DOT: Department of Transportation

DNR: Department of Natural Resources

EPA: Environmental Protection Agency

GSRO: Governor’s Salmon Recovery Office (partners with RCO)

KCD: Kittitas Conservation District

KCT: Kittitas Conservation Trust

KID: Kennewick Irrigation District

KRD: Kittitas Reclamation District

MCF(EG): Mid-Columbia Fisheries (Enhancement Group)

ICTRT: Interior Columbia Technical Recovery Team

NOAA: National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration (their fisheries department, NOAA fisheries, helps fund SRFB grants via the PCSRF)

  • NMFS: National Marine Fisheries Service (the division of NOAA also referred to as NOAA fisheries)

NPCC (formerly NPPC): Northwest Power & Conservation Council (created following the 1980 Northwest Power Act to “inform and advance a regional vision for power and fish & wildlife in the Columbia Basin”)

NRCS: National Resources Conservation Service, the USDA’s primary private lands conservation agency

NYCD: North Yakima Conservation District

Reclamation (also BOR, USBR): Bureau of Reclamation (water management agency in the Western US; a source of grant funds)

RCO: Recreation & Conservation Office (Lead Entities are contracted through this office. Elizabeth Butler works for RCO as the Yakima Basin's regional grant manager)

SRFB: Salmon Recovery Funding Board (commonly pronounced "Surfboard") which runs the annual grant round for all Lead Entities across the state.

SVID: Sunnyside Valley Irrigation District

SYCD: South Yakima Conservation District

TU: Trout Unlimited

USDA: United States Department of Agriculture

USFS: United States Forest Service

USFWS: United States Fish & Wildlife Service

WDFW: Washington Department of Fish & Wildlife

WRCD: Washington Resource Conservation & Development council

WWT: Washington Water Trust

YBFWRB: Yakima Basin Fish & Wildlife Recovery Board

  • BTWG: Bull Trout Working Group
  • SWG: Steelhead Working Group (last time this group met was 2014 (?); to be reconvened asap to update Steelhead Recovery Plan)

YN: Yakama Nation

YSPB: Yakima Subbasin Fish and Wildlife Planning Board (a precursor organization to the Yakima Basin Fish & Wildlife Recovery Board)

Legislation & Plans

CCA: Climate Commitment Act (legislation passed in WA in 2023). Initiative I-2117 (2024) aimed to repeal the CCA, but it did not pass.

ESA: Endangered Species Act

GMA: Growth Management Act

SMA: Shoreline Management Act

YBIP: Yakima Basin Integrated Plan

(Y)BTAP: (Yakima) Bull Trout Action Plan. The Bull Trout Working Group (BTWG) works to implement the plan. This glossary borrowed from the BTAP's glossary (Pg. 217).YSBP: Yakima Sub-Basin Plan

YKFP: Yakima Klickitat Fisheries Project

YRBWEP: Yakima River Basin Water Enhancement Project (a study done by the BOR)

YSRP: Yakima Steelhead Recovery Plan

YTAHP: Yakima Tributary Access & Habitat Program

Grant Round Terms

LE: Lead Entity (There are 25 across WA. Ours includes the TAG, the CC, the LE Coordinator, and a grant administrator—the YBFWRB Board of Directors)

TAG: Technical Advisory Group

CC: Citizen Committee

RFP: Request for Proposal (to solicit grant applications)

PCSRF: Pacific Coastal Salmon Recovery Fund (a source of grant funding; established by Congress to reverse the decline of West Coast salmon. Managed by NOAA fisheries)

PRISM: Performance and Registration Information Systems Management (nobody really refers to it as anything other than the acronym)

RP: SRFB State Review Panel

POC: Project of Concern (a rating the SRFB review panel can give projects following site tours; means the project is at high risk of not being approved to be considered for funding by its Lead Entity)

NMI: Needs More Information (a rating the SRFB review panel can give projects following site tours; might mean the project passes easily by supplying the requested additional information, or might not)

SARM: Salmon Recovery Model (a project scoring matrix developed by the TAG)

TI: Targeted Investments (a grant round that has taken place in 2022 and 2024)

Miscellaneous

Gap-to-Gap: The 10-mile stretch between Selah Gap and Union Gap

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